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Iz knjige »Ko je smrt tu, mene ni več. Če pa sem, nje še ni tu.« (Epikur, 341-271) Iz poglavja Metropola in nekropola ...Tudi Mušičeva ideja Žal izhaja iz zavesti, da sta nekropola in metropola druga drugi prava in hkrati hrbtna plat. Vzporednica med mestom živih in mrtvih se je ohranila iz najstarejših časov: ob vsakem starem pokopališču, ki ga arheologi odkrijejo, lahko domnevamo, da je bilo nekje blizu mesto, ki je sicer v mnogih pogledih propadlo, in to z enako gotovostjo, kot lahko ob vsakem današnjem še živečem mestu poiščemo pokopališče... Iz poglavja Srednjeveška in baročna pokopališča ...Med značilna evropska pokopališča, umeščena okoli cerkva, sodijo tudi slovenska vaška pokopališča. Ker konfiguracija zemljišča, posebej na gričevnatem ali hribovitem svetu navadno ni dopuščala večjih parcel, so majhna, ograjena z nizkim zidom, ki prostora ne utesnjuje, temveč ga vizualno širi s pogledi na obdajajočo pokrajino. Tudi pri nas so kapele in cerkve, predvsem številne podružnice, nastajale na lepih, izrazitih in opaznih krajih, ki pa jih niso odkrili šele kristjani, ampak so ti praviloma samo nadaljevali tradicijo obrednih prostorov Slovanov, Keltov ali drugih staroselcev, ki so imeli poseben občutek za vitalne zemeljske točke, vezane na naravne sile. Skupaj s čudeži, ki so navadno opravičevali zamenjavo poganskega obrednega kraja s krščanskim, so te silnice pogojevale tudi pojmovanje pokopališča nekega naselja kot posebnega kraja. To je ukoreninjeno zlasti v zavesti našega človeka, pa čeprav so vaška pokopališča pozneje sprejela racionalistično ikonografijo, predvsem v simbolnem označevanju nagrobnikov z navadno litoželeznimi girlandami, žarami, mrtvaškimi lobanjami s prekrižanimi kostmi, peščenimi urami, smrtnimi kosami, angelčki ipd... Iz poglavja Tumuli ...Mušičeve Žale združujejo več načel sodobnih pokopališč, predvsem pa dve osnovni, arhitektonsko in parkovno. Arhitektonsko je vidno v različni pravokotni ali krožni urbanizaciji grobnih in žarnih polj, v funkcionalnih in krasilnih elementih vhodov, zidov in manjših stavb, parkovno pa v različnih nivojih majhnih teras, v nasadih, drevoredih in sprehajalnih poteh... ...Polja, ki mejijo na stare Žale, tako nadaljujejo njihovo ortogonalno grobno strukturo, prostor razsipanja pepela pa se na drugi strani logično izteka v okolje, tako da je pepel mogoče dobesedno prepustiti vetru. Robni del hkrati z zaznamovanjem konca ali začetka pokopališča neopazno prehaja v obdajajočo naravo ljubljanske okolice in se z njo organsko spoji. Obiskovalec, ki vstopa z južne ali vzhodne mestne strani, lahko sledi prehajanju od bolj arhitekturno urejenih delov proti naravi, tisti pa, ki vstopa z zahoda, se napoti iz povsem krajinsko urejenega parka proti urbanizirani notranjosti. Prav ob Žalah se je dodobra ohranila prvinska lepota travnikov in polj s pogledi v daljavo, ne samo na silhueto mesta, ampak tudi na gričevnato predgorje in na slovenske planine zadaj. Ta del pokopališča je arhitekt, kot to lahko vidimo iz pripravljalnih risb, zasnoval v sozvočju s pokrajino, ki ga je navdihovala, in z njenim izročilom. Zemljišče je izoblikoval v gomile, ki vsakogar, ki je pozorno opazoval različna področja slovenske in seveda tudi katere druge dežele, spomnijo na tumule, danes zaraščene velike kupe zemlje, ki prekrivajo kosti naših najstarejših prednikov. Tako je Mušič elementom novodobne nekropole in spominom na srednjeveška ter baročna pokopališča dodal še tretji kompleks, asociacijo na prazgodovino... "When death is here, I am no more. If I am, it is not yet here. " (Epicurus, 341-271) From chapter Metropolis and necropolis …The idea of Žale cemetery by architect Marko Mušič derives from the consciousness that the necropolis and the metropolis are each other right and at the same time the reverse side. The parallel between the living and the dead has been preserved from the earliest times: each time archaeologists discover an old cemetery, it can be assumed that there was a city near by, which collapsed in many respects, and with the same degree of certainty as to the finding of a cemetery by any still existing city today... From chapter Medieval and Baroque cemeteries …Among the typical European cemeteries, sited around churches include Slovenian village cemeteries. Since the configuration of the land, especially in hilly or mountainous ground usually do not permit for larger parcels they are small, enclosed by a low wall that encloses the space without crowding it, but it is visually expanded with views of the surrounding countryside. Chapels and churches, in particular a number of branch churches were formed on the beautiful, distinctive and notable places, but they have not been discovered by Christians, but they as a rule only continued the tradition of ritual spaces of Slavs, Celts and other indigenous people who had a special feeling for the earth's vital points related to natural forces. Together with the miracles that usually justify the replacement of pagan ritual site with Christian, these forces are dependent upon the concept of the cemetery of a village as a specific place. This is particularly ingrained in the consciousness of our people, even though the village cemeteries later adopted rationalistic iconography, especially in the symbolic tombstones marking with an ordinary cast iron garlands, Arams, funeral skulls and bones, sandy hours, deadly scythes, angels, etc ... From chapter Tumulus …Mušič’s Žale cemetery combine several principles of modern cemeteries, especially two basic ones, architectural and landscaped. The architectural is visible in various rectangulary or circulary organized burial and urn fields in the functional and ornamental elements of entrances, walls and small buildings, the landscape is visible in different levels of small terraces, groves, avenues and paths ... …Fields adjacent to the old Žale continue their orthogonal structure of graves. The area for scattering of ashes, on the other hand, logically flows into the environment so that the ash can literally be left to the wind. Edge park is at the same time the end and the beginning of the cemetery’s imperceptible passing into the surrounding nature of Ljubljana and is joined organically with its surroundings. A visitor entering from the south or east, city side, can trace the transition of the more architecturally landscaped parts towards nature, while those entering from the west, are deployed from the landscape of entirely cultivated park to the urbanized interior. At Žale cemetery a pristine beauty of meadows and fields are preserved with views into the distance, not only of the city skyline, but also the hilly foothills and to the Slovenian mountains behind. This part of the cemetery is planned, as can be seen from sketches, study drawings, project in harmony with the landscape that inspired him, and with its traditions. Land was formed in mounds that remember anyone who has watched closely the different areas of the Slovenian and of course any other country, to “tumulus”, now overgrown large piles of earth that cover the bones of our eldest ancestors. Thus, the element of a third complex association to the prehistory was added by Mušič along with elements of contemporary necropolis and the memory of medieval and Baroque cemetery... [...] CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 726.8(497.4Ljubljana):929Mušič M. MIKUŽ, Jure Mušičeve Žale / [besedilo] Jure Mikuž ; [risbe Marko Mušič in Atelje Marko Mušič ; fotografije Dragan Arrigler ... et.al.]- Ljubljana: Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, 2009 ISBN 978-961-268-000-8 |